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Archive for June, 2009

BOLT mobile web browser hits one million installs

June 29, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

Bitstream Inc. announced that the BOLTTM mobile browser, the company’s web browser for mobile phones of all types, has passed a major milestone, achieving its one millionth install just 18 weeks – just over four months – after its public debut.The BOLT mobile browser, built to be used on a wide range of mobile phones from simple “feature” phones to more advanced devices such as BlackBerry smartphones, has averaged greater than 50 percent growth in usage each month since the application made its public debut at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona this past February. Since its introduction, BOLT users have consumed more than 22 terabytes (22,000 gigabytes) of data from 61 million web pages.

“It’s been fascinating to see the similarities in how BOLT is being used by people all over the world, despite different geographies, languages and cultures,” said Anna Chagnon, president and CEO of Bitstream. “For example, social networking is extremely popular all around the world. In some countries Facebook is the number one website visited by BOLT users, while in other countries Orkut leads. Even though the web destinations may be different, the usage patterns are strikingly similar all over the globe.”

BOLT users worldwide are discovering that BOLT’s enhanced browsing experience leads them to spend more and more time surfing the Web from their mobile phones. More than 20 percent of BOLT users spend 30 minutes surfing the Internet per session, with more than half of those – a figure that continues to grow – spending more than an hour per session. In addition to social networking, search, web-based email and video websites are top ten destinations all around the world.

Built with proprietary compression, navigation and rendering technologies, BOLT enables users to find and read information quickly and easily. Once users have navigated to the specific section of the large web page they are viewing, they can then zoom in to display clear text and images that look crisp on even small mobile phone screens.

People are particularly enjoying the video streaming feature of the BOLT browser – the only mobile browser that lets people enjoy streaming videos on average mobile phones from such popular video services as YouTube, vids.myspace.com, video.yahoo.com, blip.tv, dailymotion.com, metacafe.com and more. Of the total bandwidth used by all BOLT users surfing the Internet, a substantial portion was consumed by streaming video.

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Fiat-Shamir-Authentication Protocol and Hack

June 10, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

In cryptography, the Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme is a type of parallel zero-knowledge proof developed by Uriel Feige, Amos Fiat, and Adi Shamir in 1988. Like all zero-knowledge proofs, the Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme allows one party, Alice, to prove to another party, Bob, that she possesses secret information without revealing to Bob what that secret information is. The Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme, however, uses modular arithmetic and a parallel verification process that limits the number of communications between Alice and Bob.

In the procedure, Alice does not give any useful information to Bob. She merely proves to Bob that she has the secret numbers without revealing what those numbers are. Anyone who intercepts the communication between each Alice and Bob would only learn the same information. The eavesdropper would not learn anything useful about Alice’s secret numbers.

In an early version, the Fiat-Shamir-Scheme (on which the Feige-Fiat-Shamir-Scheme was based), one bit of information was leaked. By the introduction of the sign e even this bit was concealed resulting in a zero-knowledge-protocol.

Anyhow tricking the protocol and make a third party user Charlie pretending he is actually Alice to Bob and therefore get access is really easy. Charlie just has to guess the challenge e = 0 (as mentioned above, e can only be 0 or 1) and set his y which is send to a random number without using the secret key for encryption. This works perfectly for the Fiat-Shamir-Scheme where the chance of guessing correctly is about 50:50.

However, the probability of Charlie correctly guessing Bob’s secret number to create a registration and successfully pose as Alice value is less than one in a million for the improved Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme.

The algorithm for the weak version of the protocol can be downloaded in the publications section.

Apple announces iPhone 3G S

June 9, 2009 L'tty 2 comments

Apple today introduced the new iPhone 3G S, featuring improved speed and performance—up to twice as fast as iPhone 3G—longer battery life, a high-quality 3 megapixel autofocus camera, easy to use video recording and hands free voice control. iPhone 3G S includes the new iPhone OS 3.0, with over 100 new features such as Cut, Copy and Paste, MMS, Spotlight Search, landscape keyboard and a new Find My iPhone feature that works together with MobileMe to help you locate a lost iPhone.

Although the phone comes with a few new features Apple made a few savings reagarding design. The most noticeable physical difference is that the back of the phone is no longer metal. The whole thing is glossy black, from top to bottom. The volume buttons are now chrome. Because it’s got a little less metal to deal with, it doesn’t have quite as many angular edges and the battery is (still) not removable.

Besides the fact that most of the features that are “newly” introduced have been part of other plattforms (Windows Mobile, Symbian and even Android) for years, the new iPhone provides some nice fun modules. However, have you ever seriously thought of using a compass on your mobile phone? :D

Moreover the phone still does not support multithreading, which means the phone will just be another fun toy to play around with.

Categories: product news Tags: ,

Pollard’s rho algorithm for integer factorization

June 8, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

In the publications section you will find now a Mathematica notebook implementing Pollard’s rho algorithm is a special-purpose integer factorization algorithm. It was invented by John Pollard in 1975. It is particularly effective at splitting composite numbers with small factors.

The rho algorithm is based on Floyd’s cycle-finding algorithm, which also has been implemented in the example provided, and on the observation that (as in the birthday problem) two numbers x and y are congruent modulo p with probability 0.5 after 1.1777 Sqrt(p) numbers have been randomly chosen. If p is a factor of n, the integer we are aiming to factor, then   1 < gcd(|x-y|, n) <= n since p divides both |x-y| and n.

The rho algorithm therefore uses a function modulo n as a generator of a pseudo-random sequence. It runs one sequence twice as “fast” as the other; i.e. for every iteration made by one copy of the sequence, the other copy makes two iterations. Let x be the current state of one sequence and y be the current state of the other. The GCD of |x − y| and n is taken at each step. If this GCD ever comes to n, then the algorithm terminates with failure, since this means x = y and therefore, by Floyd’s cycle-finding algorithm, the sequence has cycled and continuing any further would only be repeating previous work.

Germany bans (Killer) Games

June 8, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

Germany’s Department of the Interior concludes an embargo for computer games that contain realistic violence. Due to this embargo producement and reselling of socalled killer games is prohibited. Trigger for this conclusion was the gun rampage in Winnenden this spring.

For games whose primary gaming content is virtual violence exertion of realistic homicide or other brutal and unhuman outrages against humans or human like beings a speficic prohibition for producing and providing has to be realized as fast as possible.

The 16 German senators are going to realize this new law before elections this autums. Games that might be affected by this law are (just to name a few):

  • The Witcher
  • Riddick
  • Team Fortress
  • Velvet Assassin
  • Stalker
  • Resident Evil 4
  • Raibow Six: Vegas
  • Prey
  • Legendary
  • Kane & Lynch
  • Half-Life 2
  • GTA 4
  • F.E.A.R. 2
  • Farcry 2
  • Fallout 3
  • Dead Space
  • Crysis
  • Call of Duty
  • Bioshock
  • Age of Conan

Random Prime Generator

June 7, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

Hi folks,

yesterday I published a random number generator which is realized by the algorithm of Blum-Blum-Shub. Today, I added a random prime generator to the publications section.

Primes are applied in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography, which makes use of the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. Searching for big primes, often using distributed computing, has stimulated studying special types of primes, chiefly Mersenne primes whose primality is comparably quick to decide. As of 2009, the largest known prime has about 12 million decimal digits. To create such large primes it is not possible to find pseudo primes by multiplication of two other primes. Therefore, algorithms have to be used. My algorithm produces a sum of a random integer within a certain range and a pre-calculated number resulting out of the size the prime should be. To verify primalty of the produced number the Rabin-Miller-Test has been implemented.

The Miller–Rabin primality test or Rabin–Miller primality test is a primality test, an algorithm which determines whether a given number is prime, similar to the Fermat primality test and the Solovay–Strassen primality test. Its original version, due to Gary L. Miller, is deterministic, but the determinism relies on the unproven generalized Riemann hypothesis. Michael O. Rabin modified it to obtain an unconditional probabilistic algorithm. This algorithm is implemented in the Mathematica notebook provided in my publications section.

For more questions regarding the algorithm please feel free to leave me comments.

Random Number Generator (BBS-Generator)

June 6, 2009 L'tty 1 comment

Hi folks,

the BBS-Generator can be downloaded in the publications section now.

Blum Blum Shub (B.B.S.) is a pseudo random number generator proposed in 1986 by Lenore Blum, Manuel Blum and Michael Shub in 1986. The algorithm uses a product n which is the product of two large primes p and q. At each step of the algorithm, some output is derived from xn. Commonly, the output is either the bit parity of xn or one or more of the least significant bits of xn.

The two primes, p and q, should both be congruent to 3 (mod 4). This guarantees that each quadratic residue has one square root which is also a quadratic residue and gcd(φ(p-1), φ(q-1)) should be small (this makes the cycle length large).

An interesting characteristic of the Blum Blum Shub generator is the possibility to calculate any xi value directly (via Euler’s Theorem):

The generator is not appropriate for use in simulations, only for cryptography, because it is very slow. However, it has an unusually strong security proof, which relates the quality of the generator to the computational difficulty of integer factorization. When the primes are chosen appropriately, and O(log log M) lower-order bits of each xn are output, then in the limit as M grows large, distinguishing the output bits from random will be at least as difficult as factoring M.

If integer factorization is difficult (as is suspected) then B.B.S. with large M will have an output free from any nonrandom patterns that can be discovered with any reasonable amount of calculation. This makes it as secure as other encryption technologies tied to the factorization problem, such as RSA encryption.

New category started

June 6, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

In my publications section you will now find a category regarding cryptography, security and hacking concerning mobile systems. This region is especially for people that are interested in the functionality and basics of cryptography. You can download all sources for Mathematica.

Dazzling Palm software beats the iPhone

June 5, 2009 L'tty 1 comment

Move over, iPhone. You’ve had two years on top of the smart phone world. Now there’s a touch-screen phone with better software

In a remarkable achievement, Palm Inc., a company that was something of a has-been, has come up with a phone operating system that is more powerful, elegant and user-friendly. The Pre, which goes on sale Saturday for $200 (after a mail-in rebate) at Sprint stores, makes it easier to do more things on the go.

With webOS, Palm’s new operating system, you can keep multiple applications open at once. They’re organized like a row of cards that stretches off the screen, and you flick the screen to switch between them. For instance, if you need to quickly check your calendar while writing an e-mail, you can bring up the calendar application, then flick back to e-mail, then keep switching between them as you try to work out your schedule.

On Apple Inc.’s iPhone, you can run only one application at time. To switch between calendar and e-mail, you have to go back to the main menu every time.

Also unlike the iPhone, webOS will notify you of events that need your attention, no matter which application you’re in. Notification icons for e-mails, calls and over events appear at the bottom of the screen. If you tap on the e-mail notice, for instance, the message pops up.

So webOS makes the iPhone look clunky, which is stunning in itself. It also thoroughly shows up Microsoft Corp.’s Windows Mobile. That operating system has had multitasking for years, but few users have appreciated that. Rather, Windows Mobile has been blamed for making phones clumsy and slow. Now, webOS comes along and does multitasking right.

Also very cool is that webOS aggregates contacts and calendar items from multiple sources, like Google, corporate Exchange servers, and even Facebook. You know how lots of phones have space for a photo for each contact? The Pre automatically pulls your friends’ Facebook photos into your contacts list.

As far as the hardware goes, the Pre is well put together, but not exceptional. It’s slightly smaller and chubbier than an iPhone, with softly rounded corners that make it look like a black bar of soap.

The screen diagonal is 3.1 inches, noticeably smaller than the iPhone’s 3.5 inches. Less screen space means it’s harder to hit the right area with your finger, but the Pre makes up for this a bit by making the surface just below the screen touch-sensitive. For instance, to go back one level in a program, you swipe from right to left in this area.

A keyboard slides out from underneath the screen. It isn’t the best I’ve seen on a phone, but it does the job, and you’ll find it much easier to use than the iPhone’s on-screen keyboard.

When I first got the Pre, I was dismayed by its battery life. I got less than 24 hours of light use out of it, and it would lose nearly a third of its charge if left inactive overnight. It turns out there’s a bug that drains the battery if your Google instant-messaging account is connected to your AOL Instant Messenger account. Palm says it will fix that. When I logged Google out of AIM, I got much longer life.

I extended battery life even further by setting the Pre to receive my personal e-mail instantly rather than checking every 15 minutes. That’s counterintuitive — usually getting the e-mail automatically “pushed” to a device consumes more power.

I ended up with nearly two days of battery life, which I think is acceptable for a hardworking smart phone. But it would be great if Palm made it easier to manage power consumption.

That said, charging the Pre is almost half the fun, if you splurge on a $70 “Touchstone.” You place the Pre on this small charging station, and it uses magic to radiate power through the phone’s back. (The scientifically minded can replace “magic” with “electromagnetic induction.”) It’s a lot cooler than connecting a cable or a sliding the device into a dock, but it’s only marginally easier to use than a cable, so consider this a luxury purchase.

The Pre’s camera captures 3-megapixel images. That’s not an amazing resolution, but I prefer the Pre’s camera over the 8-megapixel one in the Sony Ericsson C905, and every other phone camera I’ve tried.

Why? Because other phone cameras have a big failing: It takes too long for them to take a picture after you’ve pressed the shutter button. They’re impossible to use for action shots, or for capturing fleeting expressions. The Pre’s camera has very little shutter lag. It’s not as good as a single-lens reflex camera, or SLR, but it’s better than a lot of digital point-and-shoots.

The Pre also has the now-standard array of smart phone features: Wi-Fi, Global Positioning System and an online store for applications. The Web browser is very fast, given a fast data connection. You can zoom in and out on Web pages by pinching and spreading with two fingers, just as on the iPhone. The Pre has 8 gigabytes of built-in storage, same as the cheaper iPhone model.

Uniquely for a non-Apple device, the Pre pretends it’s an iPod when you connect it to a Macintosh or Windows PC with iTunes, so you can easily transfer your music library and photos to it. It won’t play movies or TV shows bought from the iTunes Store, nor will it play songs that were purchased with usage restrictions.

So should you get a Pre? Despite the fantastic software, this isn’t a slam dunk decision.

We don’t know how software developers will take to the Pre. There are a lot of different smart phone systems clamoring for their attention, and webOS may not be able to replicate the success of the iPhone App Store when it comes to providing a wide range of useful applications. There are only about 20 apps available at launch. (With the help of one of these applications, the Pre can run tens of thousands of programs written for the older Palm operating system, but these are mostly dated.)

We also don’t know what else Palm has up its sleeve. Sprint Nextel Corp. doesn’t have the same lock on the Pre as AT&T Inc. does on the iPhone, so we may see the Pre with other carriers early next year.

Palm has also said it plans to put webOS on a range of devices. We don’t know when the next model will arrive, or what it will look like. Verizon Wireless’ chief executive has said it will carry another Palm model “within six months.”

Lastly, Apple is expected to fire back by announcing an upgraded iPhone model, perhaps as soon as Monday. It won’t be able to do everything the Pre can do, but it might have other novel features.

Whether you get a Pre or not, its brilliant software will leave its mark on the phones you buy in the future, just like the iPhone did after its debut.

Categories: product news Tags: ,

Android finds its way into larger devices

June 4, 2009 L'tty Leave a comment

Computex provided a stage for the launch of some new smartphones based on the Android platform, but the Google-developed mobile OS is also finding its way into larger devices. Acer plans to launch a version of its Aspire One netbook with Google’s Android mobile operating system in the third quarter of this year.
The device carries the same Intel Atom microprocessor as on any Aspire One, and it sports a 10-inch screen. It could be the first Android netbook available worldwide if Acer can beat some rivals, such as China’s Guangzhou (gwang-joe) Skytone Transmission Technologies, which has said its Android netbook is undergoing final testing.

Meanwhile, Elitegroup Computer Systems (ECS) showed off its first netbook with Android. The T800, has an 8.9-inch screen, a small keypad and weighs less than a kilogram (2.2 pounds) despite its metallic casing. ECS is a contract manufacturer and will likely market it to mobile phone network operators and big PC vendors. The device will likely be available in the fourth quarter for less than US$500.

Finally, Garmin-Asus plans to launch its first smartphone based on Android no later than the first quarter of next year, executives said Tuesday in Taipei.

Garmin-Asus is a smartphone-focused joint venture between GPS device maker Garmin and PC vendor Asustek Computer. Garmin-Asus hope their location services make an Android smartphone even more compelling. Garmin GPS technology will be used in the geotagging feature for photographs made using the handset, and will provide other location-based services.

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